1. Name Of The Medicinal Product
Imodium Instant Melts
2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition
Loperamide hydrochloride 2 mg per tablet.
For excipients see section 6.1.
3. Pharmaceutical Form
Orodispersible tablet.
Imodium Instant Melts are white to off-white, circular, freeze-dried tablets.
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
For the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhoea and acute episodes of diarrhoea associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome diagnosed by a doctor.
4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration
The orodispersible tablet should be placed on the tongue. The tablet will dissolve and is to be swallowed with saliva. No liquid intake is needed for the orodispersible tablet.
Adults and children 12 years and over:
Acute diarrhoea
Two tablets (4 mg) initially followed by 1 tablet (2 mg) after every loose stool. The usual dose is 3-4 tablets (6 mg-8 mg) daily; the maximum daily dose should not exceed 8 tablets (16 mg).
Symptomatic treatment of acute episodes of diarrhoea associated with irritable bowel syndrome in adults aged 18 years and over
Two tablets (4 mg) initially. The usual dose is 2-4 tablets (4 mg-8 mg) daily in divided doses depending on severity. If required, this dose can be adjusted according to response, up to a maximum of 8 tablets (16 mg) daily.
Elderly:
No dose adjustment is required for the elderly.
Renal impairment:
No dose adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment:
Although no pharmacokinetic data are available in patients with hepatic impairment, Imodium Instant Melts should be used with caution in such patients because of reduced first pass metabolism. (see 4.4 Special warnings and special precautions for use).
Method of administration:
Oral use. Allow the tablet to disintegrate on the tongue and swallow the medication.
4.3 Contraindications
Imodium Instant Melts is contraindicated:
· in patients with a known hypersensitivity to loperamide hydrochloride or to any of the excipients.
· in children less than 12 years of age.
· in patients with acute dysentery, which is characterised by blood in stools and high fever.
· in patients with acute ulcerative colitis.
· in patients with bacterial enterocolitis caused by invasive organisms including Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter.
· in patients with pseudomembranous colitis associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Imodium Instant Melts must not be used when inhibition of peristalsis is to be avoided due to the possible risk of significant sequelae including ileus, megacolon and toxic megacolon. Imodium Instant Melts must be discontinued promptly when ileus, constipation or abdominal distension develop.
4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use
Treatment of diarrhoea with Imodium Instant Melts is only symptomatic. Whenever an underlying etiology can be determined, specific treatment should be given when appropriate. The priority in acute diarrhoea is the prevention or reversal of fluid and electrolyte depletion. This is particularly important in young children and in frail and elderly patients with acute diarrhoea. Use of Imodium Instant Melts does not preclude the administration of appropriate fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy.
Since persistent diarrhoea can be an indicator of potentially more serious conditions, Imodium Instant Melts should not be used for prolonged periods until the underlying cause of the diarrhoea has been investigated.
In acute diarrhoea, if clinical improvement is not observed within 24 hours, the administration of Imodium Instant Melts should be discontinued and patients should be advised to consult their doctor.
Patients with AIDS treated with Imodium Instant Melts for diarrhoea should have therapy stopped at the earliest signs of abdominal distension. There have been isolated reports of obstipation with an increased risk for toxic megacolon in AIDS patients with infectious colitis from both viral and bacterial pathogens treated with loperamide hydrochloride.
Although no pharmacokinetic data are available in patients with hepatic impairment, Imodium Instant Melts should be used with caution in such patients because of reduced first pass metabolism, as it may result in a relative overdose leading to CNS toxicity.
If you are taking Imodium Instant Melts to control episodes of diarrhoea associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome diagnosed by your doctor, you should return to him/her if the pattern of your symptoms changes. You should also return to your doctor if your episodes of acute symptoms continue for more than two weeks or there is a need for continuous treatment of more than two weeks.
4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction
Non-clinical data have shown that loperamide is a P-glycoprotein substrate. Concomitant administration of loperamide (16 mg single dose) with quinidine, or ritonavir, which are both P-glycoprotein inhibitors, resulted in a 2 to 3-fold increase in loperamide plasma levels. The clinical relevance of this pharmacokinetic interaction with P-glycoprotein inhibitors, when loperamide is given at recommended dosages is unknown.
The concomitant administration of loperamide (4 mg single dose) and itraconazole, an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, resulted in a 3 to 4-fold increase in loperamide plasma concentrations. In the same study a CYP2C8 inhibitor, gemfibrozil, increased loperamide by approximately 2-fold. The combination of itraconazole and gemfibrozil resulted in a 4-fold increase in peak plasma levels of loperamide and a 13-fold increase in total plasma exposure. These increases were not associated with central nervous system (CNS) effects as measured by psychomotor tests (i.e. subjective drowsiness and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test).
The concomitant administration of loperamide (16 mg single dose) and ketoconazole, an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, resulted in a 5-fold increase in loperamide plasma concentrations. This increase was not associated with increased pharmacodynamic effects as measured by pupillometry.
Concomitant treatment with oral desmopressin resulted in a 3-fold increase of desmopressin plasma concentrations, presumably due to slower gastrointestinal motility.
It is expected that drugs with similar pharmacological properties may potentiate loperamide's effect and that drugs that accelerate gastrointestinal transit may decrease its effect.
4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation
Safety in human pregnancy has not been established, although from animal studies there are no indications that loperamide HCl posseses anyteratogenic or embryotoxic properties. As with other drugs, it is not advisable to administer loperamide in pregnancy, especially during the first trimester.
Small amounts of loperamide may appear in human breast milk. Therefore loperamide is not recommended during breast-feeding.
Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should therefore be advised to consult their doctor for appropriate treatment.
4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines
Loss of consciousness, depressed level of consciousness, tiredness, dizziness, or drowsiness may occur when diarrhoea is treated with loperamide. Therefore, it is advisable to use caution when driving a car or operating machinery. See Section 4.8 Undesirable effects.
4.8 Undesirable Effects
Adults and children aged
The safety of loperamide HCl was evaluated in 2755 adults and children aged
The most commonly reported (i.e.
Table 1 displays ADRs that have been reported with the use of loperamide HCl from either clinical trial (acute diarrhoea) or post-marketing experience.
The frequency categories use the following convention: very common (
Table 1: Adverse Drug Reactions
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4.9 Overdose
Symptoms:
In case of overdose (including relative overdose due to hepatic dysfunction), CNS depression (stupor, coordination abnormality, somnolence, miosis, muscular hypertonia and respiratory depression), constipation, urinary retention and ileus may occur. Children, and patients with hepatic dysfunction, may be more sensitive to CNS effects.
Treatment:
If symptoms of overdose occur, naloxone can be given as an antidote. Since the duration of action of loperamide is longer than that of naloxone (1 to 3 hours), repeated treatment with naloxone might be indicated. Therefore, the patient should be monitored closely for at least 48 hours in order to detect any possible depression of the central nervous system.
5. Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties
ATC Code: A07DA
Loperamide binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall, reducing propulsive peristalsis and increasing intestinal transit time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter.
In a double blind randomised clinical trial in 56 patients with acute diarrhoea receiving loperamide, onset of anti-diarrhoeal action was observed within one hour following a single 4 mg dose. Clinical comparisons with other anti-diarrhoeal drugs confirmed this exceptionally rapid onset of action of loperamide.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties
The half-life of loperamide in man is 10.8 hours with a range of 9 - 14 hours. Studies on distribution in rats show high affinity for the gut wall with preference for binding to the receptors in the longitudinal muscle layer. Loperamide is well absorbed from the gut, but is almost completely extracted and metabolised by the liver where it is conjugated and excreted via the bile. Due to its high affinity for the gut wall and its high first pass metabolism, very little loperamide reaches the systemic circulation.
5.3 Preclinical Safety Data
Not applicable.
6. Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List Of Excipients
Gelatin
Mannitol
Aspartame
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Mint flavour
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf Life
36 months.
6.4 Special Precautions For Storage
Store in the original package.
6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container
All-aluminium blister packs of 6, 12, 18, and 24 tablets in printed cardboard cartons. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
The all-aluminium blisters are made from paper, PET, aluminium, PVC and polyamide.
6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling
Not applicable.
7. Marketing Authorisation Holder
McNeil Products Limited
Foundation Park
Roxborough Way
Maidenhead
Berkshire
SL6 3UG
United Kingdom
8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)
PL 15513/0346
9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation
16/12/2008
10. Date Of Revision Of The Text
27/07/2011
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